Comparison of the Hammer Attack Story.
Bias In The Newspaper
1. Bias through pictures/graphic - camera angles, captions.
2. Word choice and tone in the body of the text.
3. Choice of writer (journalist) and sources - who is writing and what there beliefs are and who they have got their information from.
4. Where the article is in the paper - prominent or hidden.
5. Bias through omission or selection - whether an article is even published or not.
6. Choice of headline.
7. Use of names and titles (terrorist or freedom fighter).
8. Bias through statistics and crowd count (hundreds injured or only minor injuries).
Below are example of Bias in Britain's top newspapers; Daily Mail and The Sun. In the Daily Mail, we have the bias through statistics, stating that "tens of thousands" a number so large and quite clearly uncountable in the context of NHS meltdown, that it is obviously bias. In the Sun, we have bias through headline and through the pictures and graphics used. The fact that the headline contains the words "crash" and "wallies" adjacent to a 'low shot' picture of Corbyn illustrates how the Sun is aiming to be anti-labour and to portray the disasters of the Labour party.
2. Word choice and tone in the body of the text.
3. Choice of writer (journalist) and sources - who is writing and what there beliefs are and who they have got their information from.
4. Where the article is in the paper - prominent or hidden.
5. Bias through omission or selection - whether an article is even published or not.
6. Choice of headline.
7. Use of names and titles (terrorist or freedom fighter).
8. Bias through statistics and crowd count (hundreds injured or only minor injuries).
Below are example of Bias in Britain's top newspapers; Daily Mail and The Sun. In the Daily Mail, we have the bias through statistics, stating that "tens of thousands" a number so large and quite clearly uncountable in the context of NHS meltdown, that it is obviously bias. In the Sun, we have bias through headline and through the pictures and graphics used. The fact that the headline contains the words "crash" and "wallies" adjacent to a 'low shot' picture of Corbyn illustrates how the Sun is aiming to be anti-labour and to portray the disasters of the Labour party.
Screen Cast
Difference between Online Newspapers and Physical Newspapers
Here we have the front pages from the
Online News
Pros and Cons of online newspapers
Pros:
Pros:
- Free.
- Updated regularly (immediacy).
- Navigation (easy to find articles).
- Interactive (contributing comments).
- Can't be ruined.
- Can be edited.
- Convenient (don't have to go to the shops and buy).
- Notifications of breaking news.
Cons:
- Need an internet connection.
- Not available to those without technology devices e.g phones, tablets and laptops.
- Fake news.
- Comments can upset people.
- Older generation may have trouble accessing.
- Health hinder (strain to eyes and wrists, if using laptop/computer.
- Distracted by adverts and pop ups.
Newspaper Affiliation and Politics
Right Wing:
- Conservative supporters: UKIP (UK Independence Party), BNP (British National Party).
- Right Wing Newspapers: Daily Mail, Telegraph.
- 'You should earn what you work for and keep what you earn'.
- Believe in privatisation - healthcare and education.
- In favour of Brexit.
- Anti-immigration.
Left Wing:
- Labour supporters: Socialist Workers, Green Party.
- Left Wing Newspapers: Guardian, The Mirror.
- 'Spread the wealth - more equality'.
- Taxation of the rich to pay for the support of the poor.
- Pro-Europe, pro-immigration, pro-muliticulture, pro-gay marriage, women's rights and the environment.
"If you are left and want to change society, the media will always come and get you." - Owen Jones.
The 5 W's of Journalism:
- Who
- What
- When
- Where
- Why
Roland Barthes
French theorist, philosopher and critic, Barthes died at the age of 64 on the 25th March 1980; born 12th November 1915. He's wide range of studies helped and helped the development of schools.
Roland Barthes developed the 5 code theory, which described the meaning of the text. He suggested that there will be one or more of the 5 codes, and that texts may be 'open' (interpreted in different ways) or 'closed' (there is only one obvious thread to pull on).
The 5 codes:
- The Hermeneutic/Enigma code.
- The Proairetic/Action code.
- The Semantic code.
- The Symbolic code.
- The Referential code.
The Hermeneutic/Enigma code (the voice of truth) - this code states that the story avoids telling the truth or revealing all the facts in order to drop clues in throughout to create mystery.
The Proairetic/Action code - this code refers to the deliberate restriction of the narrative and the way tension is built up and the audience is left guessing what happens next.
The Semantic code - this code points to any element in a text that suggests a particular, often additional meaning.
Tabloid and Broadsheet Newspapers
Codes and Conventions of Tabloid and Broadsheet newspapers:
Tabloid:
- Read by mainly those in categories C2, D and E.
- Large bold writing (normally the headlines).
- Humorous and metaphorical titles.
- Lots of colour compared to the black and white theme of broadsheets.
- Large images which take up most of the page.
- Advertisements (Cheap holidays etc).
- Known as 'Red Tops' as they literally have a red banner on the name.
- Mainly 'soft news' (reality, sport, celebrities).
- FACT: Average reading age is a 9 nine year old. (The Sun)
- The Sun, Daily Star, Daily Mail, Daily Mirror, Daily Express.
- FACT: The Sun is the leading selling, 2nd is Daily Mail.
Broadsheet:
- Read by mainly those in categories A, B and C.
- Formal, high level language.
- Lots of writing, long articles (main part of the page).
- Less images (small images just to help with the story).
- Colour is very dull (normally just black and white with colour from small picture).
- Serious news, also known as 'hard news' (politics, education, economy).
- The Guardian, The Telegraph, The Times and Financial Times.
Evaluation of Perfume Advert
The task we was given was to randomly pick a product and create a name, advert and slogan for it. Our product was a pre-teen perfume of which we came up with the name, "Agent Rainbow". Young girls between the ages of 10-13 was our main target audience as at that age they haven't or just started puberty and are not fully teenagers yet. Key selling points of our product was colour (through the balloons and party poppers) and the fact that the perfume was worn in bracelet form around the wrist; which would be ideal for the young girls as they see it almost as a 'cool piece of jewellery' to show off in front of their friends.
The Agent Rainbow team consisted of: Lee Wall, Molly Coppin, Olivia Smith and myself. We divided work well in order to have efficiency. For example, regarding research, each person got allocated a real perfume brand to research in order to help our brand itself. We then put together this research as a whole. Lee was the main director of Agent Rainbow, organising the scene for filming, the cast which was needed and also took a main role as the teacher in the advert. Molly was also responsible for this, working alongside Lee in the classroom scene helping him film and to organise the cast. Olivia, who organised props, created the storyboard and helped with filming, alongside Molly and Lee edited the final video and turned it into an advert. Myself, helped with organising and fetching props, making and filling in the shooting schedule, creating the slogan and producing this evaluation. In my opinion, I could have helped more with filming and maybe editing as I feel like Lee, Molly and Olivia worked really hard with that. But overall, I believe we all worked productively as a team.
We planned our sequence by talking with each other and listening to everyones idea's and coming up with an overall storyline for our advert. Then with the making of the shooting schedule, we knew then what to do, where to do it and how to do it. Also making a script and a storyboard was very useful in creating a successful advert.
The research which we undertook was on perfumes for younger girls which would be similar towards Agent Rainbow. Products such as Pink, Impulse and Hollister were researched in order for us to get an idea of how the pre-teen perfumes look and how they're adverts are created. The planning which was used was mainly creating shooting schedules, storyboards and scripts.
The initial feedback we received was very positive, people enjoying the advert and happy with the way it turned out. We didn't receive any negativity and people overall found the advert quite amusing and well produced.
Our product was wholly unique and creative and took on the challenge of creating a party in an advert. Along with the happy music, we pulled this off very well. The whole advert was pretty much how we wanted it and really the only improvement we would use is to add the slogan at the end of the advert, rolling across the screen.
From this task I have learnt that communication is key in order to produce a successful sequence. This is because if you communicate with the other members of the team, not only will the advert turn out better, but you will save time and make the process more efficient. Without communication, working in a team will be very hard and may cause problems creating a sequence.
Looking ahead, this learning will be significant because it means that when working in other groups, I will know that communication is key in developing a good, effective sequence.
The Agent Rainbow team consisted of: Lee Wall, Molly Coppin, Olivia Smith and myself. We divided work well in order to have efficiency. For example, regarding research, each person got allocated a real perfume brand to research in order to help our brand itself. We then put together this research as a whole. Lee was the main director of Agent Rainbow, organising the scene for filming, the cast which was needed and also took a main role as the teacher in the advert. Molly was also responsible for this, working alongside Lee in the classroom scene helping him film and to organise the cast. Olivia, who organised props, created the storyboard and helped with filming, alongside Molly and Lee edited the final video and turned it into an advert. Myself, helped with organising and fetching props, making and filling in the shooting schedule, creating the slogan and producing this evaluation. In my opinion, I could have helped more with filming and maybe editing as I feel like Lee, Molly and Olivia worked really hard with that. But overall, I believe we all worked productively as a team.
We planned our sequence by talking with each other and listening to everyones idea's and coming up with an overall storyline for our advert. Then with the making of the shooting schedule, we knew then what to do, where to do it and how to do it. Also making a script and a storyboard was very useful in creating a successful advert.
The research which we undertook was on perfumes for younger girls which would be similar towards Agent Rainbow. Products such as Pink, Impulse and Hollister were researched in order for us to get an idea of how the pre-teen perfumes look and how they're adverts are created. The planning which was used was mainly creating shooting schedules, storyboards and scripts.
The initial feedback we received was very positive, people enjoying the advert and happy with the way it turned out. We didn't receive any negativity and people overall found the advert quite amusing and well produced.
Our product was wholly unique and creative and took on the challenge of creating a party in an advert. Along with the happy music, we pulled this off very well. The whole advert was pretty much how we wanted it and really the only improvement we would use is to add the slogan at the end of the advert, rolling across the screen.
From this task I have learnt that communication is key in order to produce a successful sequence. This is because if you communicate with the other members of the team, not only will the advert turn out better, but you will save time and make the process more efficient. Without communication, working in a team will be very hard and may cause problems creating a sequence.
Looking ahead, this learning will be significant because it means that when working in other groups, I will know that communication is key in developing a good, effective sequence.
Club Advert Evaluation
The advert we had to recreate was the Club advert, but only the first half of it. My group consisted of Jack, Molly and Abby and myself. We managed the task with great efficiency, allowing everyone the roles they were comfortable with, whilst helping each other if needed e.g getting props or selecting the correct camera angle.
We planned our sequence before hand by grabbing screenshots of main points in the original advert and pasting them into a document, labelling the necessary camera angle and person needed in the shot. The amount of screenshots we used in planning was seven.
Factors in which we considered during the planning and shooting were roughly the same - such as the location, camera angle, props used and characters required. These were important factors as if any of these were incorrect, then the quality of the remake would be affected, we needed to make sure mainly that the factor of the camera angle was correct, so it was inline with the original. If the camera angle was slightly too high or low, it could've negatively effected our remake. We tried our best to reflect the same camera angles from the original into ours, and I believe for our first attempt of filming, we did well.
Improvements which could be made in my opinion was small things such as the correct hand the boy catches the ball in in the original. In our clip, Jack used his left hand whereas in the original it was his right hand - small things like this. However, it did not have a large impact on our overall outcome.
From others, we received an ameliorative response. People expressed laughter and happiness and were overall pleased with how our remake looked like the original.
I have learnt from this task that the camera angle is very important when constructing a video, especially if you want to remake. Therefore, looking ahead, I would like to make sure that the camera angle is correct/near enough for every shot.
We planned our sequence before hand by grabbing screenshots of main points in the original advert and pasting them into a document, labelling the necessary camera angle and person needed in the shot. The amount of screenshots we used in planning was seven.
Factors in which we considered during the planning and shooting were roughly the same - such as the location, camera angle, props used and characters required. These were important factors as if any of these were incorrect, then the quality of the remake would be affected, we needed to make sure mainly that the factor of the camera angle was correct, so it was inline with the original. If the camera angle was slightly too high or low, it could've negatively effected our remake. We tried our best to reflect the same camera angles from the original into ours, and I believe for our first attempt of filming, we did well.
Improvements which could be made in my opinion was small things such as the correct hand the boy catches the ball in in the original. In our clip, Jack used his left hand whereas in the original it was his right hand - small things like this. However, it did not have a large impact on our overall outcome.
From others, we received an ameliorative response. People expressed laughter and happiness and were overall pleased with how our remake looked like the original.
I have learnt from this task that the camera angle is very important when constructing a video, especially if you want to remake. Therefore, looking ahead, I would like to make sure that the camera angle is correct/near enough for every shot.
Impulse Perfume Research
Practical assessment autumn 1a from Great Baddow High School Media
The advert we picked was a perfume for pre-teen girls.
An advert is a notice or announcement in a public place promoting a product, service or event, or showing a job vacancy.
A similar example of a pre-teen perfume for girls would be Impulse.
Target Audience: The implied audience of this fragrance would be of the female gender and between the ages of 11-15. This is because the bottle clearly consists of the colour pink with flowers on it which are stereotypically linked to girls.
Language: The bottles lack language as a whole, but the images of pink flowers have connotations for young girls and females in general.
Representation: Young girls are being represented through Impulse as elegant, fresh and loving. This is mainly through the use of pink flowers which represents cleanliness and natural beauty.
The advert we picked was a perfume for pre-teen girls.
An advert is a notice or announcement in a public place promoting a product, service or event, or showing a job vacancy.
A similar example of a pre-teen perfume for girls would be Impulse.
Target Audience: The implied audience of this fragrance would be of the female gender and between the ages of 11-15. This is because the bottle clearly consists of the colour pink with flowers on it which are stereotypically linked to girls.
Language: The bottles lack language as a whole, but the images of pink flowers have connotations for young girls and females in general.
Representation: Young girls are being represented through Impulse as elegant, fresh and loving. This is mainly through the use of pink flowers which represents cleanliness and natural beauty.
Representations
The representation I have chosen for this task is black Americans. This falls under the Ethnicity category in the DR.CAGES acronym. Stereotypes of black, male Americans, would include something to do with drugs, violence, ghettos, shooting and getting arrested by police. 50 Cent's album cover in the middle can be seen as stereotype for young black American males. The top 3 images are of Kayne West, 50 Cent and Jamie Foxx, who started their careers being black American hip hop artists, and have had successful careers into other sectors of media too. Not only was all 3 famous for their music, but have been successful in TV, film, magazine and fashion.
Barack Obama, who appears at the bottom of those images, is a huge countertype for black Americans, becoming the first African American president in 2008.
Camera Shots
People who I worked with in this video: Calvin Godbold and Molly Coppin.
In this video, we as a group go through the different camera shots used in film and video making.
Stereotypes
Stereotypes are typical thoughts and feelings we as the audience have towards a specific group/theme. The audience will always understand them and who they are from actions/looks of the specific group and past experiences with them. It is a visual shortcut.
For example:
> Frenchmen - baguette, Paris, Eiffel Tower, garlic, arrogant.
> Scottish - ginger beard, skirt, kilt, fierce accent.
> Arabic - brown/black bushy beard, tanned skin, long white robe outfit.
> Urban Youngster - hoodie, knives, drugs, stabbings, violence, gangs.
Archetypes are the ultimate stereotypes. Archetypes can be colours, places or characters. Examples of this would include:
> Red - passion/blood/love.
> Green - earth/growth/environment.
> Wizard - has special powers.
> An island - represents isolation.
A countertype is a representation that challenges traditional stereotypes. Therefore, it is the complete opposite to an archetype.
A gatekeeper is a person who chooses what media is released to people.
Intertextuality - Using and referencing from other media.
For example:
> Frenchmen - baguette, Paris, Eiffel Tower, garlic, arrogant.
> Scottish - ginger beard, skirt, kilt, fierce accent.
> Arabic - brown/black bushy beard, tanned skin, long white robe outfit.
> Urban Youngster - hoodie, knives, drugs, stabbings, violence, gangs.
Archetypes are the ultimate stereotypes. Archetypes can be colours, places or characters. Examples of this would include:
> Red - passion/blood/love.
> Green - earth/growth/environment.
> Wizard - has special powers.
> An island - represents isolation.
A countertype is a representation that challenges traditional stereotypes. Therefore, it is the complete opposite to an archetype.
A gatekeeper is a person who chooses what media is released to people.
Intertextuality - Using and referencing from other media.
Steve Neale
Steve Neale is a media theorist and a British analytic philosopher and specialized in the philosophy of language. His theory is that genre is made up of certain repetition. His theory is that genre is made up of certain repetition and difference made in such a way that people know what genre something is by watching it, however, do not get bored because it is similar to another film. Such repetition allows people to categorise media into groups, like: horror, comedy, action, sci-fi.
(Steve Neale right in 2007)
(Steve Neale right in 2007)
Types of Audience
Intro to audience from Great Baddow High School Media
Demographic Profiling:
A - Lawyers, Bankers, Doctors.
B - Teachers, Graphic designers.
C1 - Office workers/supervisors.
C2 - Manual workers: plumbers/builders.
D - Semi skilled manual workers.
E - Unemployed, students, pensioners.
Mainstreamers - seek security.
Aspirers - seek security.
Succeeders - seek control.
Resigned - seek survival.
Explorers - seek discovery.
Strugglers - seek escape.
Reformers - seek enlightenment.
Niche Audience - very narrow group.
Stuart Hall - Reception theorist.
Audience Response:
Historical Competence
Living Area
Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Cultural Experience
Gillette Advert
From the Gillette advert, it is clear to see that the implied audience is adult men, who are interested/looking for shaving products. The representation we get from the advert is that when using Gillette, men are able to accomplish many things people "perceive" as a necessity in life. For example: getting married, completing a race, doing well at job, having a baby.
Audiences - to generate money and attract the largest audience possible.
Demographic Profiling:
A - Lawyers, Bankers, Doctors.
B - Teachers, Graphic designers.
C1 - Office workers/supervisors.
C2 - Manual workers: plumbers/builders.
D - Semi skilled manual workers.
E - Unemployed, students, pensioners.
Mainstreamers - seek security.
Aspirers - seek security.
Succeeders - seek control.
Resigned - seek survival.
Explorers - seek discovery.
Strugglers - seek escape.
Reformers - seek enlightenment.
Niche Audience - very narrow group.
Stuart Hall - Reception theorist.
Audience Response:
Historical Competence
Living Area
Gender
Age
Ethnicity
Cultural Experience
Gillette Advert
From the Gillette advert, it is clear to see that the implied audience is adult men, who are interested/looking for shaving products. The representation we get from the advert is that when using Gillette, men are able to accomplish many things people "perceive" as a necessity in life. For example: getting married, completing a race, doing well at job, having a baby.
Audiences - to generate money and attract the largest audience possible.
Analysing Images
Mise en-scene from Great Baddow High School Media
Settings & Props:
A. Spaceship, aliens, laser guns, space, planets, moon.
B. Hearts, candles, warm red/orange lighting, bed, rings, rose.
C. Blood, clowns, knives, guns, haunted house, ghosts, screaming, basement, dolls.
Facial Expressions & Body Language:
1. The facial expressions of the two men show that they are deeply looking at something; confused but focused on the object/person they are looking upon.
2. The body language of the white male, alongside the blood on his shirt, tells us that he is ready for a fight/already been in one or is currently in one. He looks focused and prepared to continue what he is doing. The black male (Morgan Freeman) on the other hand, looks more worried in his facial expression. He looks anxious probably for his fighter as he looks upon the opponent.
3. The body language (hands on his hips) and the fact that he's centered in the middle of the screen shows that this character is in charge of the soldiers around him. The stern look on his face suggests he has power and control in this image.
Positioning of Characters:
1. The fact these characters are sitting far apart from each other show that at the current time in the film they do not have a friendly relationship. The facial expressions on the man make him look guilty, and the woman next to him looks angry. Genre is either a comedy or a romance.
2. -
3. The characters are both mirroring the action of holding a gun, wearing the same suit and same glasses, suggesting they are part of authority/bodyguards. The guns they are holding aren't the typical gun used in modern films, therefore it must be of a sci-fi genre.
4. The characters are clearly not human- robot? This is because a beam of light/fire is coming into the back of it and it appears to be wearing some sort of robot helmet.
Settings & Props:
A. Spaceship, aliens, laser guns, space, planets, moon.
B. Hearts, candles, warm red/orange lighting, bed, rings, rose.
C. Blood, clowns, knives, guns, haunted house, ghosts, screaming, basement, dolls.
Facial Expressions & Body Language:
1. The facial expressions of the two men show that they are deeply looking at something; confused but focused on the object/person they are looking upon.
2. The body language of the white male, alongside the blood on his shirt, tells us that he is ready for a fight/already been in one or is currently in one. He looks focused and prepared to continue what he is doing. The black male (Morgan Freeman) on the other hand, looks more worried in his facial expression. He looks anxious probably for his fighter as he looks upon the opponent.
3. The body language (hands on his hips) and the fact that he's centered in the middle of the screen shows that this character is in charge of the soldiers around him. The stern look on his face suggests he has power and control in this image.
Positioning of Characters:
1. The fact these characters are sitting far apart from each other show that at the current time in the film they do not have a friendly relationship. The facial expressions on the man make him look guilty, and the woman next to him looks angry. Genre is either a comedy or a romance.
2. -
3. The characters are both mirroring the action of holding a gun, wearing the same suit and same glasses, suggesting they are part of authority/bodyguards. The guns they are holding aren't the typical gun used in modern films, therefore it must be of a sci-fi genre.
4. The characters are clearly not human- robot? This is because a beam of light/fire is coming into the back of it and it appears to be wearing some sort of robot helmet.
Vocabulary List
Types of Media:
TV
Radio
Social Media
Magazine
Music
YouTube
Films
Target Audience (DR CAGES):
Disability
Regions
Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Sexuality
Genre (DISTINCT):
Describe
In Detail
Setting
Themes
Icons
Narrative
Characters
Textual Analysis - camera, editing, sound.
(CLAMPS):
Costume
Lighting
Actors
Make-Up
Props
Setting
Steve Neale - Genre Theorist.
Language
Industries
Audience
Representation
Semiotics - The study of signs and their meanings.
Denotation - What it is
Connotation - The meaning of it.
Example -Glee: Denotation=School, students, teachers, wheelchair, bright lights, stage, cast, theatre.
Connotation=Unity, togetherness, teamwork, happiness, different ethnicities/sizes.
Signs and Hints (Ghostship):
Actress wearing red.
Slow motion.
Music tempo decreases.
Everyone stands up.
Overview of boat.
Camera shots of wire, which is what kills them.
TV
Radio
Social Media
Magazine
Music
YouTube
Films
Target Audience (DR CAGES):
Disability
Regions
Class
Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Sexuality
Genre (DISTINCT):
Describe
In Detail
Setting
Themes
Icons
Narrative
Characters
Textual Analysis - camera, editing, sound.
(CLAMPS):
Costume
Lighting
Actors
Make-Up
Props
Setting
Steve Neale - Genre Theorist.
Language
Industries
Audience
Representation
Semiotics - The study of signs and their meanings.
Denotation - What it is
Connotation - The meaning of it.
Example -Glee: Denotation=School, students, teachers, wheelchair, bright lights, stage, cast, theatre.
Connotation=Unity, togetherness, teamwork, happiness, different ethnicities/sizes.
Signs and Hints (Ghostship):
Actress wearing red.
Slow motion.
Music tempo decreases.
Everyone stands up.
Overview of boat.
Camera shots of wire, which is what kills them.
- · BARB - Broadcasters Audience Research Board.
- · Binge-viewing- watching a significant amount of episodes consistently one after another.
- · Broadsheet- a newspaper with a large format, regarded as more serious and less sensationalist than tabloids.
- · Conglomerate- an organisation made up of two or more companies working together in order to achieve a common goal.
- · Connotation- what something could mean
- · Cultural Imperialism- promoting the culture or language of one country in another.
- · DAB- Digital Audio Broadcasting
- · Demographic profiling- dividing your market based upon age, race, gender and income etc.
- · Denotation- what we see when we look at an image
- · Diversification- when a company increases the number of/ the type of product in order to make it more diverse.
- · Google analytics- a service provided by google that monitors the web traffic of certain websites.
- · GRA- graphic arts
- · Horizontal integration- increasing the quantity of production in the same part of the production line.
- · Independent media- any form of media that is not influenced in anyway by political or governmental stances.
- · IPSO- independent press standard organisation in charge of regulating newspapers.
- · Media-watch UK- a pressure group formed to prevent the broadcasting of content that they find inappropriate.
- · Mise en Scene (Costume, Lighting, Actors, Make up, Props & Setting)
- · NRS- the national readership survey is a way to classify the audience demographic for the purpose of market research.
- · Participatory Media- is media where the audience can play an active role in the process of collecting, reporting and analysing content.
- · PEGI- Pan European Game Information which is responsible for regulation of video games as well as awarding age rating certificates to each one.
- · Piracy- the unauthorised use or copying of someone else's work which causes people to be wrongly credited for something they haven't worked for.
- · Psycho graphic profiling- dividing your market based upon different personality traits, values and attitudes etc.
- · Semiotics- the study of signs
- · Tabloid- a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet with an emphasis on celebrity stories and gossip etc.
- · Technological convergence- as technology improves so do the operating systems such as: TV's, computer's and smartphones.
- · Traditional media- The original forms of large-scale communication such as: newspapers, magazines, radio and direct mail.
- · Webcasting License- a webcast may be distributed to the public live or on demand.
·
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